Live — Fixed Income / Fiscal Plumbing — 2023–Present

Treasury Market Plumbing

How the US funds itself at scale. Record issuance, constrained dealer capacity, retreating foreign buyers, and QT withdrawing reserves simultaneously. The plumbing matters when the pressure builds.

2023 — Present✓ Tracking
$23T
Treasury marketable debt — rising $2T+ per year
~$50B
Fed RRP balance — down from $2.5T peak in 2023
2.4x
10Y auction bid-to-cover — watch for tail widening
$800B
Treasury General Account — liquidity buffer
● Narrative Status
Tracking. Auction tails are widening at the long end. Dealer inventory has grown to absorb supply. RRP has drained to near zero. TGA refill after debt ceiling resolution creates periodic liquidity drag on the system.
The Debate
▲ Bull Case
Every auction has been covered. Primary dealers are required to bid. Foreign central banks still hold Treasuries as reserve assets. The market has absorbed record supply without a dislocation.
▼ Bear Case
Dealer balance sheets are constrained by regulation. RRP is gone. Foreign official demand is declining. QT removes reserves while issuance adds supply — both sides tighten simultaneously. One auction failure changes the narrative.
The Mechanism
The issuance-absorption-reserves triangle Treasury issues debt. Dealers must absorb it and fund inventory via repo, draining bank reserves. When reserves fall below a critical threshold, repo markets seize — September 2019 was the preview. The Fed is simultaneously withdrawing reserves via QT. The risk is non-linear: not a gradual yield rise but a sudden market function failure.
Key Voices
Bears — Plumbing pressure building
Zoltan Pozsar
Former Credit Suisse / ex-Fed NY
“The plumbing is the risk. Everyone focuses on rates. No one focuses on reserves.”
2022 bear
Priya Misra
JPMorgan Asset Management
“The auction cycle is becoming the dominant driver of short-term rates. This is structurally new.”
2024 bear
Bulls — Market absorbing supply
Scott Bessent
US Treasury Secretary
“We are focused on the maturity profile. The goal is to extend duration over time and reduce rollover risk.”
2025 bull
Narrative Timeline
No entries yet — archive populates as quotes and data are tagged.
Archive Record
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